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内容大纲
本书深入地介绍了半导体器件的原理和技术。本书括三个部分:半导体物理和器件,半导造过程和半导体器装和测试。第一部分主要介绍半导体物理基础、二极管、双极晶体管、MOS场效应晶体率MOSFET、晶闸管、IGBT、无源器件和SPICE模型。第二部分主要介绍半导体工艺技术、半导体工艺模拟和薄膜制备技术。第三部分主要介绍半导体封装、测试与模拟技术。这些内容将一步掌握半导体器件的分析、设计、制造、封装和测试的基本理论和方法奠定坚实的基础。 -
作者介绍
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目录
SECTION Ⅰ Semiconductor Physics and Devices
Chapter 1 Semiconductor physics foundation
1.1 Semiconductor materials
1.2 Semiconductor structure
1.3 Semiconductor defects
1.4 Energy band of semiconductor
1.5 Fermi level
1.6 Carrier concentration of semiconductor
1.7 Carrier motion of semiconductor
1.7.1 Carrier drift
1.7.2 Carrier diffusion
1.7.3 Carrier recombination
Exercises
References
Chapter 2 Diode
2.1 Basic structure of diode
2.2 Formation of pn junction and impurity distribution
2.3 Equilibrium pn junction
2.3.1 Formation of space charge region
2.3.2 Energy band of pn junction
2.3.3 Contact potential difference
2.3.4 Space charge region characteristics
2.3.5 Electric field and width of space charge region
2.4 Bias characteristics of diodes
2.4.1 Forward bias
2.4.2 Reverse bias
2.5 Influencing factors of diode DC characteristics
2.5.1 Recombination current and generation current in space charge region
2.5.2 Surface effect
2.5.3 Series resistance effect
2.5.4 Large injection effect
2.5.5 Temperature effect
2.6 Breakdown characteristics of diode
2.6.1 Avalanche breakdown
2.6.2 Tunnel breakdown
2.6.3 Thermoelectric breakdown
2.7 Switching characteristics of diode
Exercises
References
Chapter 3 Bipolar junction transistor
3.1 Introduction of BJT
3.2 Basic architecture of bipolar transistor
3.2.1 Alloy transistor
3.2.2 Alloy diffusion transistor
3.2.3 Planar transistor
3.2.4 Mesa transistor
3.3 Amplification of bipolar junction transistor
3.3.1 Carrier transmisson characteristics
3.3.2 Current amplification coefficient
3.3.3 Amplification conditions
3.4 Characteristic curve of bipolar transistor
3.4.1 Common base characteristic curve
3.4.2 Common emitter characteristic curve
3.5 Reverse current and breakdown voltage characteristics
3.5.1 Reverse current
3.5.2 Breakdown voltage
3.6 Base resistance
3.6.1 Concept of base resistance
3.6.2 Base resistance of comb transistor
3.6.3 Base resistance of circular transistor
3.7 Switching characteristics of bipolar junction transistor
3.7.1 On state and off state
3.7.2 Transient switching characteristics
Exercises
References
Chapter 4 MOS field effect transistor
4.1 Basic structure, principle and classification of MOSFET
4.1.1 Basic structure of MOSFET
4.1.2 Operating principle of MOSFET
4.1.3 Classification of MOSFET
4.2 Threshold voltage of MOSFET
4.2.1 Charge distribution in MOS structure
4.2.2 Threshold voltage of ideal MOSFET
4.2.3 Threshold voltage of actual MOSFET
4.3 DC characteristics of MOSFET
4.3.1 Operating characteristics of MOSFET
4.3.2 Breakdown characteristics of MOSFET
4.4 Small signal parameters and frequency characteristics of MOSFET
4.4.1 Small signal parameters of MOSFET
4.4.2 Frequency characteristics of MOSFET
4.5 Secondorder effects of MOSFET
4.5.1 Nonconstant mobility effect
4.5.2 Bulk charge effect
4.5.3 Short channel effect
4.5.4 Narrow channel effect
4.6 Switching characteristics of MOSFET
4.6.1 Transient switching delay
4.6.2 Calculation of switching time
Exercises
References
Chapter 5 Power MOSFET
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Structure of power MOSFET devices
5.3 Channel characteristics
5.4 Conduction loss
5.5 Switching characteristics
5.6 Selection of power MOSFET devices
Exercises
References
Chapter 6 Thyristor
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Device structure and working principle
6.3 IV characteristics of thyristor
6.3.1 Static characteristics
6.3.2 Dynamic characteristics
6.4 Conduction characteristics
6.5 Shutdown characteristics
6.5.1 Interrupt anode current
6.5.2 Reverse voltage interruption
Exercises
References
Chapter 7 IGBT
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Device structure and working mechanism of IGBT
7.3 IV characteristics of IGBT
7.4 Switching characteristics of IGBT
7.4.1 Conduction characteristics
7.4.2 Shutdown characteristics
Exercises
References
Chapter 8 Passive devices
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Embedded passive devices
8.3 Integrated passive devices
8.4 Integrated resistance
8.4.1 Bipolar transistor processing resistance
8.4.2 CMOS processing resistance
8.4.3 Resistance value calculation and common graphics
8.4.4 Resistance parasitic effect
8.5 Integrated capacitance
8.5.1 Type of integrated capacitance
8.5.2 Capacitance parasitic effect
8.6 Integrated inductance
8.6.1 Integrated inductance structure
8.6.2 Inductive parasitic effect
Exercises
References
Chapter 9 SPICE device model
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Diode SPICE model
9.2.1 DC model of diode
9.2.2 Transient model of diode
9.2.3 AC model of diode
9.2.4 Noise model of diode
9.2.5 Temperature effect of diode
9.3 SPICE model of bipolar transistor
9.3.1 Small signal model of bipolar transistor
9.3.2 Transient analysis
9.3.3 Noise analysis
9.3.4 Temperature effect
9.4 SPICE model of MOS field effect transistor
9.4.1 Small signal model of MOSFET
9.4.2 Noise model of MOSFET
9.4.3 Transient model of MOSFET
9.4.4 Temperature effect of MOSFET
9.4.5 Second order effect and higher order effect models
9.5 SPICE model of passive devices
9.5.1 Resistance
9.5.2 Capacitance
9.5.3 Inductance
Exercises
References
SECTION Ⅱ Semiconductor Manufacturing Process
Chapter 10 Semiconductor process technology
10.1 Substrate cleaning
10.1.1 Wet chemical cleaning
10.1.2 Dry cleaning
10.1.3 Beam cleaning
10.2 Oxidation technology
10.2.1 Structure and properties of SiO2 film
10.2.2 Thermal oxidation
10.2.3 Quality analysis of oxide layer
10.2.4 Other oxidation methods
10.3 Graphic processing technology
10.3.1 Photo etching process flow
10.3.2 Photoresist classification
10.3.3 Mask preparation
10.3.4 Photolithography technology
10.3.5 Etching technology
10.3.6 Defect analysis
10.4 Doping technology
10.4.1 Basic concept of doping
10.4.2 Thermal diffusion
10.4.3 Ion implantation
10.4.4 Other doping methods
Exercises
References
Chapter 11 Semiconductor process simulation
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Program startup
11.1.2 Example loading
11.2 nchannel MOSFET simulation
11.2.1 Simulation grid construction
11.2.2 Substrate initialization
11.2.3 ATHENA operation and drawing
11.2.4 Gate oxidation process
11.2.5 Ion implantation
11.2.6 Polysilicon gate deposition
11.2.7 Polysilicon etching
11.2.8 Polysilicon oxidation
11.2.9 Polysilicon doping
11.2.10 Isolated oxide deposition
11.2.11 Isolation oxide etching
11.2.12 Source/Drain injection and annealing
11.2.13 Metal deposition
11.2.14 Extraction of device parameters
11.2.15 Half nchannel MOS structure image
11.2.16 Electrode marking
11.2.17 Save ATHENA structure file
11.3 Lithography process simulation
11.3.1 Mask design
11.3.2 Light source selection
11.3.3 Parameter configuration of projection system
11.3.4 Filter parameter configuration
11.3.5 Imaging
11.3.6 Exposure
11.3.7 Baking
11.3.8 Development
11.3.9 Complete lithography process
Exercises
References
Chapter 12 Film preparation technology
12.1 Physical preparation technology
12.1.1 Vacuum foundation
12.1.2 Vacuum evaporation coating
12.1.3 Sputtering coating
12.1.4 Molecular beam epitaxy
12.1.5 Pulsed laser deposition
12.2 Chemical preparation technology
12.2.1 Chemical vapor deposition
12.2.2 Chemical solution preparation
12.2.3 Soft solution processing
Exercises
References
SECTION Ⅲ Semiconductor Packaging, Testing and Simulating
Chapter 13 Semiconductor packaging technology
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Packaging function
13.2.1 Physical protection
13.2.2 Electrical connection
13.2.3 Heat dissipation
13.3 Packaging process
13.3.1 Overview of process flow
13.3.2 Chip mounting
13.3.3 Chip interconnection
13.3.4 Molding technology
13.4 Packaging materials
13.4.1 Molding materials
13.4.2 Frame materials
13.5 Packaging type
13.5.1 Pin
13.5.2 Surface Mount
13.5.3 Array
13.6 Other packaging technologies
13.6.1 Multichip packaging
13.6.2 Chip level packaging
13.6.3 Preencapsulated interconnection system
13.6.4 Flip chip packaging
Exercises
References
Chapter 14 Semiconductor parameter testing technology
14.1 Semiconductor resistivity testing
14.1.1 Introduction
14.1.2 Fourpoint probe testing method
14.1.3 Influencing factors
14.2 Conductivity type testing of semiconductor
14.2.1 Hot and cold probe method
14.2.2 Single probe point contact rectification method
14.2.3 Influencing factors
14.3 Oxide film thickness testing
14.3.1 Color contrast method
14.3.2 Optical interferometry
14.3.3 High frequency turbulence method
14.3.4 Ellipsometry
14.4 Junction depth testing
14.5 Testing of impurity concentration of epitaxial layer
14.6 Testing of nonequilibrium minority carrier lifetime
14.6.1 Overview
14.6.2 Lifetime of nonequilibrium minority carriers
14.6.3 Testing method
14.7 Bipolar transistor parameter testing
14.7.1 DC parameter testing
14.7.2 Testing of Ccr′bb product
14.7.3 Testing of switching parameters
14.7.4 Characteristic frequency testing
14.7.5 Steadystate thermal resistance testing
14.8 MOSFET parameter testing
14.8.1 DC characteristic testing
14.8.2 Testing of input capacitance and feedback capacitance
14.8.3 Testing of power gain and noise coefficient
Exercises
References
Chapter 15 Realization technology of semiconductor device characteristic simulation based on GUI
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Software architecture design
15.3 Project creation
15.4 Main page design
15.5 Semiconductor physical parameters
15.5.1 Fermi potential calculation
15.5.2 Carrier concentration calculation
15.5.3 Energy level calculation of single hydrogen atom
15.6 Semiconductor device parameters
15.6.1 CMOS device characteristics
15.6.2 Resistivity calculation
15.6.3 Junction depth calculation
15.6.4 Calculation of oxide film thickness
15.6.5 Contact potential difference calculation
15.7 Multimedia resources
15.8 Accessibility functions
15.9 Help file design
Exercises
References
Appendix
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