- 批判性思维(第6版英语版)
- - 作者：(美)格雷戈里·巴沙姆//威廉·欧文//亨利·纳尔多内//詹姆斯·M.华莱士|责编:周渝毅
  - 出版社：外语教研
  - ISBN：9787521327793
  - 出版日期：2021/09/01
  - 页数：492
- 售价：39.2

内容大纲
本书逻辑清晰，语言简洁，既涵盖批判性思维的所有基础概念：基本逻辑概念、语言陷阱、常见逻辑谬误、分析和评估论证；又洞悉日常思维陷阱，与实际应用紧密结合：筛选信息素材、强化写作、反思媒体与伪科学。此外，本书配有大量经课堂检验的有趣练习，帮助读者在学习、训练、反馈中见证自己的进步，成为一个逻辑性更强，更全面、有信心、不盲从的思考者。
本书还援引了大量励志名人名言，并严谨标注出处和参考文献，能给读者以启发。本书自问世以来多次再版，深受国外大学师生欢迎。本书引进后将以全英文的形式出版，适合国内高校师生、准备参加GRE等考试以及准备留学的学生阅读。
作者介绍
目录
A Personal Word to Students
Preface
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Critical Thinking
  What Is Critical Thinking?
  Critical Thinking Standards
    Clarity
    Precision
    Accuracy
    Relevance
    Consistency
    Logical Correctness
    Completeness
    Fairness
  The Benefits of Critical Thinking
    Critical Thinking in the Classroom
    Critical Thinking in the Workplace
    Critical Thinking in Life
  Barriers to Critical Thinking
    Egocentrism
    Sociocentrism
    Unwarranted Assumptions and Stereotypes
    Relativistic Thinking
    Wishful Thinking
  Qualities of a Critical Thinker
CHAPTER 2  Recognizing Arguments
  What Is an Argument?
  Identifying Premises and Conclusions
  What Is Not an Argument?
    Reports
    Unsupported Assertions
    Conditional Statements
    Illustrations
    Explanations
CHAPTER 3  Basic Logical Concepts
  Deduction and Induction
  How Can We Tell Whether an Argument Is Deductive or Inductive?
    The Indicator Word Test
    The Strict Necessity Test
    The Common Pattern Test
    The Principle of Charity Test
    Exceptions to the Strict Necessity Test
  Common Patterns of Deductive Reasoning
    Hypothetical Syllogism
    Categorical Syllogism
    Argument by Elimination
    Argument Based on Mathematics
    Argument from Definition
  Common Patterns of Inductive Reasoning
    Inductive Generalization
    Predictive Argument

    Argument from Authority
    Causal Argument
    Statistical Argument
    Argument from Analogy
  Deductive Validity
  Inductive Strength
CHAPTER 4  Language
  Finding the Right Words: The Need for Precision
    Vagueness
    Overgenerality
    Ambiguity
  The Importance of Precise Definitions
    Types of Definitions
    Strategies for Defining
    Rules for Constructing Good Lexical Definitions
  Emotive Language: Slanting the Truth
    The Emotive Power of Words
  Euphemisms and Political Correctness
CHAPTER 5  Logical Fallacies-Ⅰ
  The Concept of Relevance
  Fallacies of Relevance
    Personal Attack (Ad Hominem)
    Attacking the Motive
    Look Who's Talking (Tu Quoque)
    Two Wrongs Make a Right
    Scare Tactics
    Appeal to Pity
    Bandwagon Argument
    Straw Man
    Red Herring
    Equivocation
    Begging the Question
CHAPTER 6  Logical Fallacies-Ⅱ
  Fallacies of Insufficient Evidence
    Inappropriate Appeal to Authority
    Appeal to Ignorance
    False Alternatives
    Loaded Question
    Questionable Cause
    Hasty Generalization
    Slippery Slope
    Weak Analogy
    Inconsistency
    Composition and Division
CHAPTER 7  Analyzing Arguments
  Diagramming Short Arguments
    Tips on Diagramming Arguments
  Summarizing Longer Arguments
    Paraphrasing
    Finding Missing Premises and Conclusions

    Summarizing Extended Arguments
    Common Mistakes to Avoid in Standardizing Arguments
CHAPTER 8  Evaluating Arguments and Truth Claims
  When Is an Argument a Good One?
    What "Good Argument" Does Not Mean
    What "Good Argument" Does Mean
  When Is It Reasonable to Accept a Premise?
  Refuting Arguments
CHAPTER 9 A  Little Categorical Logic
  Categorical Statements
  Translating into Standard Categorical Form
  Categorical Syllogisms
CHAPTER 10  A Little Propositional Logic
  Conjunction
  Conjunction and Validity
  Negation
  Deeper Analysis of Negation and Conjunction
  Disjunction
  Conditional Statements
CHAPTER 11  Inductive Reasoning
  Introduction to Induction
  Inductive Generalizations
    Evaluating Inductive Generalizations
    Opinion Polls and Inductive Generalizations
  Statistical Arguments
    Reference Class
  Induction and Analogy
    What Is an Analogy?
    How Can We Argue by Analogy?
    Evaluating Arguments from Analogy
    Arguing by Analogy
  Induction and Causal Arguments
    Correlation and Cause
  A Few Words about Probability
    A Closer Look at a Priori Probability
CHAPTER 12  Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources
  Finding Sources
    Refining Your Search: Questions and Keywords
    Directional Sources
    Informational Sources
  Evaluating Informational Sources
    Content: Facts and Everything Else
    The Author and the Publisher
    The Audience
    Evaluating Internet Sources
  Taking Notes
    Bibliographical Information
    Content Notes: Quotes, Summaries, and Paraphrases
  Using Sources
    Acknowledging Sources

    Incorporating Sources
CHAPTER 13  Writing Argumentative Essays
  Writing a Successful Argument
  Before You Write
    Know Yourself
    Know Your Audience
    Choose and Narrow Your Topic
    Write a Sentence That Expresses Your Claim
    Gather Ideas: Brainstorm and Research
    Organize Your Ideas
  Writing the First Draft
    Provide an Interesting Opening
    Include a Thesis Statement
    Develop Your Body Paragraphs
    Provide a Satisfying Conclusion
  After the First Draft
    Read What You Have Written and Revise
    Consider What You Have Not Written and Revise
    Show Your Work
    Edit Your Work
    Hand It In
    Sample Argumentative Essay
CHAPTER 14  Thinking Critically about the Media
  Mass Media and Social Media
  The News
    Critically Analyzing News Sources
    Social Media and the Rise of Fake News
  News Media Bias
    Bias toward Business Interests
    Bias toward Entertainment
    Political Bias
  Media Literacy
  Advertising
    What Ads Do
    Defenses of Advertising
    Criticisms of Advertising
    Common Advertising Ploys
CHAPTER 15  Science and Pseudoscience
  The Basic Pattern of Scientific Reasoning
  The Limitations of Science
  How to Distinguish Science from Pseudoscience
  A Case Study in Pseudoscientific Thinking: Astrology
Appendix: The Six Habits of Effective Problem Solvers A-1
Answers to Selected Exercises ANS-1
Index  I-1

内容大纲

作者介绍

目录

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