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内容大纲
本书从形式与功能两方面系统探讨了英语和汉语等语言在语音、音位、词汇、语法、语篇和语用层次上具有的重要差异以及这些差异对于翻译理论、普通语言学、英语写作、外语教学法、双语词典编篡、跨文化交际等领域内的研究与实践具有的直接或间接启示。
本书主要创新之处包括：从理论与实践两方面分析阐明了英汉语言研究中的许多重要问题，并对英汉语言结构与功能差异背后的深层原因进行了探究；用符号学方法对句法和语义对比的理论基础进行了系统研究；在对语言翻译、外语写作和口头交际特别重要的语篇和语用对比分析方面做了较多的填空补缺工作。
本书是国内第一部用英文撰写的语言共时对比研究著作，对于语言学、翻译学和外语教学等领域内的理论研究而言是一本材料翔实、观点与方法独到的专著，对于高等院校英、汉语言相关专业研究生的课程学习亦是一本有价值的教科书。 -
作者介绍
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目录
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 What is Contrastive Linguistics?
1.1.1 The Name and Nature of Contrastive Linguistics
1.1.1.1 Linguistics
1.1.1.2 Contrastive Linguistics (Contrastive Analysis)
1.1.2 Micro-Contrastive Linguistics and Macro-Contrastive Linguistics
1.2 Why Contrastive Linguistics?
1.2.1 The Theoretical Need for Contrastive Linguistics
1.2.2 The Practical Need for Contrastive Linguistics
1.3 The History and Development of Contrastive Linguistics
Questions for Discussion and Research
CHAPTER 2 THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
2.1 Basic Assumptions and Hypotheses Underlying Contrastive Analysis (CA)
2.1.1 The Psychological Basis of Contrastive Analysis: Transfer
2.1.2 The Strong and Weak Versions of Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
2.1.3 The Predictive Power of Contrastive Analysis
2.2 Theoretical Contrastive Analysis and Applied Contrastive Analysis
2.3 Criteria for Comparison
2.3.1 The Surface Structure (SS)
2.3.2 The Deep Structure (DS)
2.3.3 Translation Equivalence
2.4 Procedures of ContrastiveAnalysis
Questions for Discussion and Research
CHAPTER 3 PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
3.1 Phonetics and Phonology
3.2 Contrastive Phonetics
3.2.1 Articulatory Phonetics
3.2.1.1 Vocal organs (articulators) and the dynamics of voice production
3.2.1.2 The modulation of speech sounds
3.2.2 Acoustic Phonetics
3.2.2.1 Frequency
3.2.2.2 Amplitude of vibration
3.2.2.3 Timbre
3.2.3 Auditory Phonetics
3.3 Contrastive Phonology
3.3.1 Phonological ContrastiveAnalysis
3.3.1.1 The functional statuses of comparable speech sounds in different languages
3.3.1.2 Pronunciation problems caused by phonemic asymmetries and by allophonic differences
3.3.1.3 The functional loads of comparable phonological contrasts in different languages
3.3.2 Two Phonological Models
3.3.2.1 The taxonomic or structural phonology
3.3.2.2 Generative phonology
3.4 Suprasegmental ContrastiveAnalysis
3.4.1 The Contrastive Analysis of Pitch
3.4.1.1 Tone
3.4.1.2 Intonation
3.4.2 The Contrastive Analysis of Juncture
Questions for Discussion and Research
CHAPTER 4 LEXlCAL CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
4.1 Contrastive Lexical Morphology
4.1.1 Lexical/Derivational Morphology and Inflectional Morphology
4.1.2 Morpheme
4.1.2.1 Free morpheme
4.1.2.2 Bound morpheme
4.1.2.2.1 Affix
4.1.2.2.2 Combining form
4.1.2.3 Stem (base morpheme) and root
4.1.3 A Comparison of the Makeup of English and Chinese Word Stock
4.2 Contrastive Lexical Semantics
4.2.1 The Motivation (Internal Form) of Words
4.2.1.1 Phonetic motivation
4.2.1.2 Graphemic motivation
4.2.1.3 Morphological motivation
4.2.1.4 Semantic motivation
4.2.1.5 A contrastive analysis of the morphological motivation of English, German, and Chinese words
4.2.2 Sense Relationships
4.2.2.1 Syntagmatic semantic relationship: Collocation..
4.2.2.2 Paradigmatic semantic relationships
4.2.2.2.1 Synonymy
4.2.2.2.2 Antonymy
4.2.2.2.3 Hyponymy
4.2.2.2.4 Incompatibility
4.2.2.3 Lexical fields and lexical gaps
4.2.3 Semantic Features
4.3 Three Active Areas
4.3.1 Anthropology
4.3.2 Translation
4.3.3 Bilingual Lexicography
Questions for Discussion and Research
CHAPTER 5 GRAMMATICAL CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
5.1 The Concept of Grammar
5.2 The Contrastive Analysis of Inflectional Morphology
5.2.1 Grammatical Categories
5.2.1.1 Aspect
5.2.1.2 Case
5.2.1.3 Gender
5.2.1.4 Mood
5.2.1.5 Number
5.2.1.6 Person
5.2.1.7 Tense
5.2.1.8 Voice
5.2.2 A Contrastive Study of the Chinese and English Case Systems
5.3 Syntactic ContrastiveAnalysis
5.3.1 The Structural Approach (Surface-structure Contrasts)
5.3.2 The Weaknesses of the Structural Approach
5.3.3 The Generative Approaches
5.3.3.1 The Transformational Grammarian approach (For deep-structure contrasts)
5.3.3.2 The Case Grammarian approach (For deeper-structure contrasts)
Questions for Discussion and Research
CHAPTER 6 TEXTUAL CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
6.1 Text and Discourse
6.2 The Defining Characteristics of the Text
6.3 The Contrastive Analysis of Textual Cohesion
6.3.1 Semantic Cohesion
6.3.1.1 Reference
6.3.1.2 Substitution
6.3.1.3 Ellipsis
6.3.1.4 Conjunction
6.3.1.5 Lexical relationships ("lexical cohesion")
6.3.2 Structural Cohesion
6.3.2.1 Parallelism
6.3.2.2 Comparison
6.3.2.3 Information structure
6.3.2.3.1 Theme and Rheme
6.3.2.3.2 Functiona/ Sentence Perspective (FSP).
6.3.2.3.3 Topic and Comment
6.3.3 Different Languages Preferring Different Cohesive Devices
6.4 The Contrastive Analysis of Textual Coherence
Questions for Discussion and Research
CHAPTER 7 PRAGMATIC CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
7.1 Speech Act Theory
7.1.1 Speech Acts
7.1.1.1 Performatives and constatives
7.1.1.2 Three kinds of speech acts
7.1.1.3 Five basic types of illocutionary acts
7.1.2 Felicity Conditions
7.2 Conversational Interaction
7.2.1 The Structural Components of Conversation
7.2.1.1 Openings
7.2.1.2 The maintaining of a conversation
7.2.1.3 Closings
7.2.2 Principles of Conversational Organization
7.2.2.1 The Cooperative Principle (Be Clear)
7.2.2.1.1 Conversational maxims
7.2.2.1.2 Conversational implicature
7.2.2.2 The Rules of Politeness (Be Polite)
7.2.2.2.1 Rule 1: Don't impose on your hearer
7.2.2.2.2 Rule 2: Give the hearer options
7.2.2.2. 3 Rule 3: Make the hearer feel good: Be friendly
Questions for Discussion and Research
REFERENCES
INDEX
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